Initiatives to address feed shortages in Africa

Kenya and Uganda, for example, are currently each grappling with an approximately 60% annual feed deficit. Here we take a look at initiatives designed to combat severe feed shortages.

This crisis, as many media outlets in Africa have reported, is due to drought, the effects of Covid-19 and the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

Drought – almost 9 million animals lost

Due to drought, losses of livestock in the Horn of Africa region in the last year or so have been severe, with almost 9 million animals lost (over 2 million alone in Kenya). This level of animal death has not just put livelihoods and human lives at risk, but also represents the loss of precious genetics developed over decades for and by smallholder farmers who produce most of the meat and milk for Africans.

RAFFS project

However, a pilot programme is now underway to address shortages of animal feed and fodder. The Resilient African Feed and Fodder Systems (RAFFS) project, funded by the African Union Commission and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, is now starting in Kenya, Uganda, Somalia, Zimbabwe, Nigeria and Cameroon. RAFFS “emphasises the need for a coordinated, inclusive and strategic approach to make a lasting impact on the sector and the lives of the millions who depend on it.”

Specifically, RAFFS focuses on “enhancing analytical capabilities for data-driven policymaking and attracting investments, scaling up effective existing approaches and innovative models, and fostering partnerships for coordinated efforts to drive impactful immediate and short-term investments.”

Initiative to support women in the feed sector

In addition, African Union-InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources is supporting the ‘African Women in Animal Resources Farming and Agribusiness Network,’ which aims to ensure women’s significant participation in the feed and fodder sub-sector.

Regulatory reform

There are also legislative changes happening that will hopefully support feed industry development. In February 2024 for example, the government of Uganda passed a Feed Bill with components that are designed to ensure minimum standards for feed production. Any entity seeking to engage in the production, storage and sale of animal feeds must apply for a licence. The new law prohibits contaminants in feed and also outlines safety measures for feed transportation. Among other additional items, there are also now testing requirements required for feed export with a list of the approved animal feed control labs forthcoming.

Dr Wamalwa Kinyanjui, Animal Health Expert at the Intergovernmental Authority on Development’s ‘Centre for Pastoral Areas and Livestock Development’ (ICPALD) in Nairobi Kenya, notes that regulations are important for quality control. “Although it may slow things at first, this Feed Bill will streamline operations and safeguard ethical investors from unscrupulous investors (fake products) as well as protect consumers,” he says. “When this happens, it benefits all.”

For her part, RAFFS Project Coordinator Dr Sarah Ashanut Ossiya notes that, while RAFFS is in its early stages, the implications of recent policy and regulation reforms, as well as mapping potential solutions and examining business and investment opportunities “is where the project is moving towards.” 

Emergency response

Ossiya also points out that urgent recommendations for dealing with the continental feed shortage crisis were recently presented at the African Union Summit. These include plans to enhance emergency response within the feed and fodder sector, the establishment of a continental ‘African Alliance of Multi-Stakeholder Feed and Fodder Associations’ to guide the growth of more robust African feed and fodder systems, and the creation of a monitoring and mutual accountability framework that generates an annual status report. At the Summit, it was also recommended that guidelines be created to help support the development of the feed and fodder sector.