India's farm exports may withstand US tariffs as competitors face steeper duties, says economist

With countries like China (34%), Vietnam (46%), and Thailand (36%) facing steeper duties, India holds a relative tariff advantage, especially in seafood and rice exports.

India could maintain or even expand its agricultural exports to the United States despite newly announced tariffs, as competing nations face even steeper duties, agricultural economist Ashok Gulati said on Thursday. US President Donald Trump has announced reciprocal tariffs on countries across the board, declaring a 26 per cent "discounted reciprocal tariff" on India.

Trump's 26 per cent tariff on Indian goods would have a limited impact on key agricultural exports like seafood and rice when compared to higher duties imposed on regional competitors, Gulati said."We should not look at the tariff increase in absolute terms, but see relative tariff increases with our competitors," Gulati told PTI.

The former chairman of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) noted that while India faces 26 per cent tariffs, China faces 34 per cent, creating an 8 per cent differential advantage for Indian exporters.Other competitors face even steeper barriers, with Vietnam at 46 per cent, Bangladesh at 37 per cent, Thailand at 36 per cent, and Indonesia at 32 per cent, Gulati said.

For seafood exports, particularly shrimp, Gulati explained that India's relative tariff advantage combined with shrimp's small share in overall US food expenditure means demand is unlikely to shrink significantly.

Similarly for rice exports, where current US tariffs range between 9 and 11 per cent, India maintains a competitive edge against Vietnam and Thailand despite the increase to 26 per cent.Gulati, currently chair professor for agriculture at the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), suggested India could potentially gain market share in spaces vacated by higher-taxed competitors.